短语动词¶

短语动词（phrasal verb）由 动词 + 小品词（副词或介词）构成，整体意思常常无法从字面推出，如 give up（放弃）、look after（照顾）。口语中短语动词比对应的单个动词更常用：put off 比 postpone 常用，find out 比 discover 常用。

四种类型¶

类型	说明	示例
不及物	后面不接宾语	The car broke down. I get up at seven.
及物、可分	宾语可以放在小品词前或后；宾语是代词时必须放中间	Turn on the light. / Turn the light on. Turn it on. ✓ / Turn on it. ✗
及物、不可分	宾语只能放在小品词之后	She looks after her sister. She looks after her. ✓ / She looks her after. ✗
三个词	动词 + 副词 + 介词，不可分	I'm looking forward to the trip.

一个短语动词是否可分，需要查词典确认。词典中常用 sth / sb 的位置来表示：turn sth on 表示可分，look after sb 表示不可分。

短语动词的重音落在小品词上，如 give ˈup、take ˈoff，见单词重音 · 复合词。

同一个小品词在不同短语动词中往往带有相近的含义，掌握这些含义有助于猜测新短语的意思：

小品词	常见含义	示例
up	向上；增加；完成、彻底	stand up、speed up、eat up、clean up、use up
down	向下；减少；记录；停止、失灵	sit down、slow down、write down、calm down、break down
out	出去；出现；找到；完全耗尽	go out、come out、find out、figure out、run out
off	离开；断开、停止；取消、推迟	take off、turn off、call off、put off
on	继续；开启；穿上	carry on、go on、turn on、put on
over	越过；仔细地；从头到尾；结束	get over、think over、take over
back	返回；回应	come back、call back、give back
away	离开；消失	go away、throw away、pass away
in	进入；提交；加入	come in、hand in、join in

短语	含义	示例
get up	起床	I get up at seven every day.
get along / on with	与……相处	Do you get along with your boss?
get over	从（疾病、打击）中恢复	It took her months to get over the loss.
get back	回来；取回	When did you get back?
get rid of	摆脱，扔掉	I need to get rid of these old clothes.
get through	度过（难关）；接通（电话）	We'll get through this together.

短语	含义	示例
take off	起飞；脱下	The plane took off on time. Take off your shoes.
take after	长得像（父母）	She takes after her mother.
take up	开始从事（爱好）；占据	He took up yoga last year.
take over	接管	Who will take over the project?
take back	收回（说过的话）；退还	I take back what I said.

短语	含义	示例
put on	穿上	Put on your coat.
put off	推迟	The meeting was put off until Friday.
put up with	忍受	I can't put up with the noise any longer.
put away	收好	Put your toys away.
put out	扑灭	The firefighters put out the fire.

短语	含义	示例
look after	照顾	Can you look after my cat?
look for	寻找	I'm looking for my keys.
look up	查阅	Look up the word in a dictionary.
look forward to	期待	I'm looking forward to seeing you.
look into	调查	The police are looking into the case.
look out	小心	Look out! A car is coming.

look forward to 中的 to 是介词，后面接名词或动名词，不接动词原形。

短语	含义	示例
give up	放弃	Don't give up.
give in	屈服，让步	He finally gave in to their demands.
give back	归还	Give me back my phone.
give away	赠送；泄露	She gave away all her books.

短语	含义	示例
turn on / off	打开 / 关闭（电器）	Turn off the TV.
turn up / down	调大 / 调小（音量）；turn down 也指拒绝	Turn down the music. She turned down the offer.
turn out	结果是	It turned out to be a good idea.
turn into	变成	The caterpillar turned into a butterfly.

短语	含义	示例
come up with	想出（主意）	She came up with a great idea.
come across	偶然遇到	I came across an old photo.
come back	回来	Come back soon.
come out	出版；出现	His new book comes out next month.

短语	含义	示例
go on	继续	Please go on.
go out	外出；（灯、火）熄灭	The lights went out.
go over	复习，仔细检查	Let's go over the plan again.
go through	经历（困难）；仔细查看	She's going through a hard time.

短语	含义	示例
break down	出故障；崩溃	My car broke down on the highway.
bring up	抚养；提出（话题）	She was brought up by her grandparents.
call off	取消	The game was called off because of rain.
carry on	继续	Carry on with your work.
figure out	弄明白，想出	I can't figure out how it works.
find out	查明，发现	I'll find out when the train leaves.
fill in / out	填写（表格）	Please fill in this form.
hang out	闲逛，一起玩	We usually hang out on weekends.
make up	编造；化妆；和好	He made up an excuse.
pick up	捡起；接人；学会	I'll pick you up at the airport.
run out of	用完	We've run out of milk.
set up	建立，设立	They set up a company in 2020.
show up	出现，露面	He didn't show up at the party.
work out	锻炼；解决；算出	I work out three times a week.