易混词辨析
易混词分两类:一类是 意思相近,翻译成中文差不多,用法却不同;另一类是 拼写相近,长得像,意思却完全不同。
意思相近
说:say、speak、talk、tell
| 单词 |
侧重 |
常见用法 |
| say |
说的 内容 |
say hello、say sorry、He said (that) he was tired. |
| speak |
说话的 能力 或 语言,较正式 |
speak English、Can I speak to Tom?(电话用语) |
| talk |
双方 交谈 |
talk to / with sb.、talk about sth. |
| tell |
告诉 某人 某事,后接双宾语 |
tell sb. sth.、tell a story、tell the truth、tell a lie |
看:see、look、watch、read
| 单词 |
侧重 |
示例 |
| see |
看见,强调 结果 |
I can see a bird. |
| look |
看,强调 动作,后接宾语时要加 at |
Look at the board. |
| watch |
注视 活动或变化 的事物 |
watch TV、watch a game |
| read |
阅读文字 |
read a book、read the newspaper |
听:hear、listen
| 单词 |
侧重 |
示例 |
| hear |
听见,强调 结果 |
Can you hear me? |
| listen |
听,强调 动作,后接宾语时要加 to |
Listen to the music. |
借:borrow、lend、keep
| 单词 |
方向 |
结构 |
| borrow |
借入(从别人那里借来) |
borrow sth. from sb. |
| lend |
借出(借给别人) |
lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb. |
| keep |
借用一段时间(延续性) |
How long can I keep the book? |
带:bring、take、fetch、carry
| 单词 |
方向 |
示例 |
| bring |
从别处带 到说话人这里 |
Bring your homework tomorrow. |
| take |
从说话人这里带 到别处 |
Take an umbrella with you. |
| fetch |
去别处取来,一去一回 |
Can you fetch me some water? |
| carry |
随身携带,不强调方向 |
She's carrying a heavy bag. |
花费:spend、cost、take、pay
| 单词 |
主语 |
结构 |
| spend |
人 |
sb. spend time / money on sth. sb. spend time / money (in) doing sth. |
| cost |
物 |
sth. cost sb. money |
| take |
形式主语 it |
It takes sb. time to do sth. |
| pay |
人 |
sb. pay money for sth. |
- I spent two hours on my homework.
- The book cost me 20 dollars.
- It took me two hours to finish my homework.
- I paid 20 dollars for the book.
旅行:trip、travel、journey、tour
| 单词 |
侧重 |
示例 |
| trip |
短途的往返旅行,可数 |
a business trip、a day trip |
| travel |
泛指旅行这件事,多作不可数名词或动词 |
I love travel. / travel abroad |
| journey |
较长的单程旅途,强调路程 |
a long journey home |
| tour |
游览多个地点的观光、巡回 |
a tour of Europe、a world tour |
工作:job、work
job 是可数名词,指一份具体的职业或任务:a good job、find a job。work 作“工作”讲时不可数:I have a lot of work to do. / go to work。
升起与躺:rise、raise、lie、lay
| 单词 |
及物性 |
含义 |
变化 |
| rise |
不及物 |
升起,上涨 |
rise – rose – risen |
| raise |
及物 |
举起,提高,抚养 |
raise – raised – raised |
| lie |
不及物 |
躺,位于 |
lie – lay – lain |
| lie |
不及物 |
说谎 |
lie – lied – lied |
| lay |
及物 |
放置,下蛋 |
lay – laid – laid |
- The sun rises in the east. / Raise your hand.
- He lay on the bed. / She laid the book on the table.
其他
| 词语 |
区别 |
| fewer / less |
fewer 修饰可数名词复数(fewer people);less 修饰不可数名词(less water) |
| between / among |
between 用于两者之间;among 用于三者或更多之间 |
| beside / besides |
beside 在……旁边;besides 除……之外(还有),包括在内 |
| especially / specially |
especially 尤其,特别是;specially 专门地,为了特定目的 |
| affect / effect |
affect 是动词,影响;effect 通常是名词,效果、影响:affect sb. / have an effect on sb. |
| maybe / may be |
maybe 是副词,也许,放句首;may be 是情态动词 + be:Maybe he is right. / He may be right. |
| already / all ready |
already 已经;all ready 全都准备好了 |
拼写相近
| 单词 |
含义 |
单词 |
含义 |
| quiet |
安静的 |
quite |
相当,十分 |
| accept |
接受 |
except |
除……之外(不包括在内) |
| advice |
建议(名词,不可数) |
advise |
建议(动词) |
| lose |
丢失 |
loose |
松的 |
| adapt |
适应 |
adopt |
采用,收养 |
| principal |
校长;主要的 |
principle |
原则 |
| complement |
补充 |
compliment |
赞美 |
| desert |
沙漠;抛弃 |
dessert |
甜点 |
| stationary |
静止的 |
stationery |
文具 |
| economic |
经济的 |
economical |
节约的 |
| historic |
有历史意义的 |
historical |
历史上的,与历史有关的 |
| sensible |
明智的 |
sensitive |
敏感的 |
| personal |
个人的 |
personnel |
全体员工,人事部门 |
| later |
后来,稍后 |
latter |
后者 |
| breath |
呼吸(名词) |
breathe |
呼吸(动词) |
| cloth |
布料 |
clothes |
衣服 |
| custom |
习俗 |
costume |
服装,戏服 |
其他页面中的辨析
- 形容词:too much / much too、good / well、nice / fine、lonely / alone、living / alive / live / lively 等,见易混形容词
- 副词:sometimes / sometime / some times / some time、farther / further,见易混副词
- -ing 与 -ed 形容词:interesting / interested 等,见-ing 与 -ed
- 介词:across / through、over / above、in front of / in the front of,见方位与空间
- 不定代词:other / another、few / little、each / every,见不定代词
- make / do,见固定搭配 · make 与 do