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易混词辨析

易混词分两类:一类是 意思相近,翻译成中文差不多,用法却不同;另一类是 拼写相近,长得像,意思却完全不同。

意思相近

说:say、speak、talk、tell

单词 侧重 常见用法
say 说的 内容 say hello、say sorry、He said (that) he was tired.
speak 说话的 能力 或 语言,较正式 speak English、Can I speak to Tom?(电话用语)
talk 双方 交谈 talk to / with sb.、talk about sth.
tell 告诉 某人 某事,后接双宾语 tell sb. sth.、tell a story、tell the truth、tell a lie

看:see、look、watch、read

单词 侧重 示例
see 看见,强调 结果 I can see a bird.
look 看,强调 动作,后接宾语时要加 at Look at the board.
watch 注视 活动或变化 的事物 watch TV、watch a game
read 阅读文字 read a book、read the newspaper

听:hear、listen

单词 侧重 示例
hear 听见,强调 结果 Can you hear me?
listen 听,强调 动作,后接宾语时要加 to Listen to the music.

借:borrow、lend、keep

单词 方向 结构
borrow 借入(从别人那里借来) borrow sth. from sb.
lend 借出(借给别人) lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb.
keep 借用一段时间(延续性) How long can I keep the book?

带:bring、take、fetch、carry

单词 方向 示例
bring 从别处带 到说话人这里 Bring your homework tomorrow.
take 从说话人这里带 到别处 Take an umbrella with you.
fetch 去别处取来,一去一回 Can you fetch me some water?
carry 随身携带,不强调方向 She's carrying a heavy bag.

花费:spend、cost、take、pay

单词 主语 结构
spend 人 sb. spend time / money on sth.
sb. spend time / money (in) doing sth.
cost 物 sth. cost sb. money
take 形式主语 it It takes sb. time to do sth.
pay 人 sb. pay money for sth.
  • I spent two hours on my homework.
  • The book cost me 20 dollars.
  • It took me two hours to finish my homework.
  • I paid 20 dollars for the book.

旅行:trip、travel、journey、tour

单词 侧重 示例
trip 短途的往返旅行,可数 a business trip、a day trip
travel 泛指旅行这件事,多作不可数名词或动词 I love travel. / travel abroad
journey 较长的单程旅途,强调路程 a long journey home
tour 游览多个地点的观光、巡回 a tour of Europe、a world tour

工作:job、work

job 是可数名词,指一份具体的职业或任务:a good job、find a job。work 作“工作”讲时不可数:I have a lot of work to do. / go to work。

升起与躺:rise、raise、lie、lay

单词 及物性 含义 变化
rise 不及物 升起,上涨 rise – rose – risen
raise 及物 举起,提高,抚养 raise – raised – raised
lie 不及物 躺,位于 lie – lay – lain
lie 不及物 说谎 lie – lied – lied
lay 及物 放置,下蛋 lay – laid – laid
  • The sun rises in the east. / Raise your hand.
  • He lay on the bed. / She laid the book on the table.

其他

词语 区别
fewer / less fewer 修饰可数名词复数(fewer people);less 修饰不可数名词(less water)
between / among between 用于两者之间;among 用于三者或更多之间
beside / besides beside 在……旁边;besides 除……之外(还有),包括在内
especially / specially especially 尤其,特别是;specially 专门地,为了特定目的
affect / effect affect 是动词,影响;effect 通常是名词,效果、影响:affect sb. / have an effect on sb.
maybe / may be maybe 是副词,也许,放句首;may be 是情态动词 + be:Maybe he is right. / He may be right.
already / all ready already 已经;all ready 全都准备好了

拼写相近

单词 含义 单词 含义
quiet 安静的 quite 相当,十分
accept 接受 except 除……之外(不包括在内)
advice 建议(名词,不可数) advise 建议(动词)
lose 丢失 loose 松的
adapt 适应 adopt 采用,收养
principal 校长;主要的 principle 原则
complement 补充 compliment 赞美
desert 沙漠;抛弃 dessert 甜点
stationary 静止的 stationery 文具
economic 经济的 economical 节约的
historic 有历史意义的 historical 历史上的,与历史有关的
sensible 明智的 sensitive 敏感的
personal 个人的 personnel 全体员工,人事部门
later 后来,稍后 latter 后者
breath 呼吸(名词) breathe 呼吸(动词)
cloth 布料 clothes 衣服
custom 习俗 costume 服装,戏服

其他页面中的辨析

  • 形容词:too much / much too、good / well、nice / fine、lonely / alone、living / alive / live / lively 等,见易混形容词
  • 副词:sometimes / sometime / some times / some time、farther / further,见易混副词
  • -ing 与 -ed 形容词:interesting / interested 等,见-ing 与 -ed
  • 介词:across / through、over / above、in front of / in the front of,见方位与空间
  • 不定代词:other / another、few / little、each / every,见不定代词
  • make / do,见固定搭配 · make 与 do

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