状语从句¶

状语从句在句中起副词的作用，修饰主句的谓语或整个主句，表示时间、原因、条件等。

分类¶

类型	连接词	示例
时间	when、while、as、before、after、until、since、as soon as	I'll call you when I arrive.
地点	where、wherever	Sit wherever you like.
原因	because、since、as	I stayed home because I was ill.
条件	if、unless、as long as	If it rains, we'll stay home.
让步	although、though、even though、even if、while	Although he is rich, he isn't happy.
目的	so that、in order that	Speak louder so that everyone can hear you.
结果	so … that …、such … that …	He was so tired that he fell asleep.
比较	than、as … as …	She runs faster than I do.
方式	as、as if、as though	He talks as if he knew everything.

状语从句放在主句前面时，通常用逗号隔开；放在后面时一般不用逗号。

在时间和条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句要用 一般现在时 表示将来：

✓	✗
I'll call you when I arrive.	I'll call you when I will arrive.
If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay home.	If it will rain tomorrow, we'll stay home.
I'll wait until he comes back.	I'll wait until he will come back.

although / though 不能与 but 连用：Although he is rich, he isn't happy. ✓ / Although he is rich, but he isn't happy. ✗
because 不能与 so 连用：Because it rained, we stayed home. ✓ / Because it rained, so we stayed home. ✗

中文习惯说“虽然……但是……”“因为……所以……”，英语中只能保留其中一个。

结构	搭配的动词	示例
until	延续性动词（wait、stay、live），表示动作持续到某时	I waited until he came.
not … until	短暂性动词（leave、arrive、start），表示直到某时才发生	He didn't leave until ten o'clock.（他直到十点才走）

结构	后接	示例
so … that	形容词或副词	The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
such … that	（a / an +）形容词 + 名词	It is such a heavy box that I can't lift it.

连词	含义	示例
since	自从（时间）	I have lived here since I was a child.
	既然（原因）	Since you're here, let's begin.
as	当……时（时间）	As I was leaving, the phone rang.
	因为（原因）	As it was late, we went home.
	像……一样（方式）	Do as I say.
while	当……时（时间，与进行时连用）	While I was cooking, he called.
	然而（对比）	I like tea, while my wife likes coffee.

连词的完整列表见连词。